@article {28,
	title = {Individualized Adaptability and Accessibility in E-learning, Education and Training Part 1 : Framework},
	journal = {ISO International Organisation for Standards},
	volume = {ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	url = {http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c041521_ISO_IEC_\%2024751-1_2008(Bil).zip},
	author = {Heath,Andy and Nevile,Liddy and Treviranus,Jutta}
}
@article {29,
	title = {Individualized Adaptablity and Accessibility in E-learning, Education and Training Part 3 : AcessForAll Digital Resource Description},
	journal = {ISO International Organisation for Standards},
	volume = {ISO/IEC 24751-3:2008},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008},
	url = {http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c043604_ISO_IEC_24751-3_2008.zip},
	author = {Heath,Andy and Nevile,Liddy and Treviranus,Jutta}
}
@article {24,
	title = {Personalization and accessibility: integration of library and web approaches},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web, ACM New York, NY, USAWWW-06},
	year = {2006},
	month = {23/05/2006},
	pages = {871 - 872},
	abstract = {ABSTRACT This paper describes personalization metadata standards that can be used to enable individuals to access and use resources based on a user{\textquoteright}s particular requirements. The paper describes two approaches which are being developed in the library and Web worlds and ...},
	issn = {10.1145/1135777.1135920},
	doi = {10.1145/1135777.1135920},
	url = {http://opus.bath.ac.uk/435/1/pp061\%2Dposter.pdf},
	author = {Chapman,Ann and Kelly,Brian and Nevile,Liddy and Heath,Andy}
}
@article {8,
	title = {The Standards Fora for Online Education},
	journal = {D-Lib Magazine, Corporation for National Research Initiatives {\textcopyright}1999D-Lib Magazine},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1999},
	month = {12/1999},
	abstract = {This paper provides an overview of work taking place in five different working groups/committees, each concerned with developing standards for the description and sharing of educational resources in an online environment. Specifically, we look at the work of the ...},
	doi = {10.1045/december99-miller},
	url = {http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december99/12miller.html},
	author = {Bacsich,Paul and Heath,Andy and Lefrere,Paul and Miller,Paul and Riley,Kevin}
}
@article {11,
	title = {EU4ALL Contribution to Standards},
	year = {2011},
	month = {08/2011},
	institution = {EU4ALL Public Deliverables  http://www2.eu4all-project.eu/index.php?option=com_remository\&Itemid=36\&func=select\&id=31},
	abstract = {This report summarises the Standards activities undertaken within EU4ALL and discusses key issues especially on Standards supporting Personalisation.},
	url = {http://www2.eu4all-project.eu/index.php?option=com_remository\&Itemid=36\&func=fileinfo\&id=85},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {12,
	title = {EU4ALL Implications of Standards for Content Personalisation, User and Device Modelling and the Learning Object Metadata Repository},
	year = {2011},
	month = {08/2011},
	institution = {EU4ALL Public Deliverables http://www2.eu4all-project.eu/index.php?option=com_remository\&Itemid=36\&func=select\&id=31},
	abstract = {The key EU4ALL design decisions made in consideration of the implication of prominent standards work relating to personalisation for the Content Personalisation (CP) for accessibility approach as proposed within the EU4ALL framework.},
	url = {http://www2.eu4all-project.eu/index.php?option=com_remository\&Itemid=36\&func=fileinfo\&id=94},
	author = {Heath,Andy},
	editor = {Cooper,Martyn}
}
@conference {66,
	title = {The Case for Integrating Needs and Preferences in the Internet of Things},
	booktitle = {The Sixth International Conference on Advances in Human oriented and Personalized Mechanisms, Technologies, and Services},
	year = {2013},
	month = {11/2013},
	abstract = {This paper was written because the authors believe the Internet of Things has enormous potential to enrich the lives of all people, but particularly those people sometimes referred to as {\textquotedblleft}disabled{\textquotedblright}, who are excluded from participating in normal life processes that present fewer barriers to others and by that exclusion experientially impoverished. Further, we believe that there are grounds for personalization or individualization to be the accessibility delivery mechanism of choice to meet the diverse needs of this non-homogenous group of people in diverse contexts and in fact, of all people. From demographics it is clear that if the accessibility of the Internet of Things is not approached effectively, then a problem will be created for people with disabilities and older people. The paper gives a direction forward driven both by results from practical research with real users and theoretical considerations of what approaches are available to apply to this problem. We believe that Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) is a significant aspect of the Internet of Things.},
	author = {Heath,Andy},
	editor = {Whitney G and Kolar I and Springett M}
}
@conference {21,
	title = {European unified framework for accessible lifelong learning},
	booktitle = {ALT-C 2007},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007},
	address = {Nottingham, UK.},
	abstract = {This presentation introduces the European Unified Framework for Accessible Lifelong Learning project (EU4ALL). This project seeks to establish a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for delivery of accessible eLearning that meets the needs of all learners, including those with disabilities. The project differs from but compliments and supports product design-oriented approaches to accessibility such as the Web Accessibility Initiative{\textquoteright}s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). It provides an architecture for the delivery of content and services that are adapted for and matched to the functional requirements of the individual learner. The project will demonstrate implementations based on several international standards with the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) systems Moodle and dotLRN and also show how typical learning process specifications such as IMS Learning Design may be used to deliver accessible eLearning. Other candidate technical standards include ISO Individualized Adaptability and Accessibility for Learning Education and Training (the internationalization of the IMS AccessForAll specifications) and W3C{\textquoteright}s Composite Capabilities/Preference Profiles (CC/PP). The working methodology of EU4ALL begins with the development of community specified use cases from focus groups and interviews with educational professionals and students. These are augmented by a study of learning support and psychological support services across Europe. The use cases are being used to inform the system design and architecture and its integration with each learning platform. The project{\textquoteright}s work includes work within the standards communities relevant to eLearning. Large-scale evaluations will be conducted and will be carried out over the final year of the project in two leading European distance learning universities to validate the approach, demonstrate the architecture{\textquoteright}s benefit for future implementations and inform the eLearning standards. In pursuing its aims the project will provide support for learners, tutors, universities, vendors and many other stakeholders and show how accessibility can be delivered within and across architectures, organizations, systems and technologies, including static and mobile devices. The presentation will present the issues, principles and report on progress of the project since its start in October 2006. Presented at the Association of Learning Technology Conference, Nottingham, 2007.},
	url = {http://kn.open.ac.uk/public/getfile.cfm?documentfileid=11937},
	author = {Douce,Chris and Porch,Wendy and Heath,Andy and Cooper,Martyn}
}
@conference {16,
	title = {Position Paper on Accessibility aspects of Learner Interoperability Framework for Europe},
	year = {2006},
	month = {10/03/2006},
	pages = {1 - 4},
	abstract = {Presented to LIFE conference Turku, Finland, March 2006},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {23,
	title = {Personalisation is coming},
	journal = {In: SALTIS Briefing},
	year = {2011},
	month = {04/2011},
	abstract = {Andy Heath reflects on accessibility and use of the Access for All standards to support personalisation},
	url = {http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs051/1103963291457/archive/1104783274385.html},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {20,
	title = {Access For All 3.0 at ARC},
	year = {2011},
	month = {14/04/2011},
	abstract = {Presentation at Accessibility Research Centre meeting at Teeside University, Teeside, UK},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {27,
	title = {Access For All 3.0 at Joint BSI/JISC CETIS Accessibility Standards Workshop},
	year = {2011},
	month = {28/02/2011},
	publisher = {Joint workshop proceedings at http://wiki.cetis.ac.uk/Accessibility_SIG_Meeting_28th_February_2011},
	abstract = {My own presentation of Access For All 3.0 at the Joint workshop between BSI and JISC Cetis that I organised. This workshop had many accessibility standards presentations from international speakers},
	url = {http://wiki.cetis.ac.uk/Accessibility_SIG_Meeting_28th_February_2011$\#$Access_For_All_3.0_.28PowerPoint_format_-_3.78Mb.29},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {35,
	title = {Accessibility Aspects of the IMS Question and Test Interoperability Specification},
	year = {2001},
	month = {15/07/2001},
	publisher = {IMPS 2001: International Meeting of the Psychometric Society},
	address = {Osaka, Japan},
	abstract = {ACCESSIBILITY AND RELATED ASPECTS OF THE IMS QUESTION AND TEST INTEROPERABILITY SPECIFICATION

A HEATH

SHEFFIELD HALLAM UNIVERSITY PARTICIPATING IN CETNRE FOR EDUCATIONAL INTEROPERABILITY STANDARDS, UNITED KINGDOM

Throughout the world there are many disabled persons and it has been common for disabled persons to be excluded from or disadvantaged by common educational processes, including testing and assessment processes.  Automating delivery of assessment with the aid of computers can help to overcome such inbuilt disadvantage in two ways.  On an individual level a computer system can enable some specific adaptation not normally available with written tests.  In a wider context, the standardizations that widespread delivery by computer requires can enable the more widespread use of hardware and approaches that are specific to accessibility needs and can also benefit all users, not just disabled ones.

From Jun 21st 2001 all technology, including educational materials, developed or acquired by the United States government must be accessible to users with disabilities.  Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998 requires this in the U.S.  Similar legislation is coming into play in other countries including Australia and the United Kingdom.  Applications and content will need to be accessible to all.

The IMS project is producing technical interoperability specifications for educational contexts.  IMS seeks to make its specifications enable accessible applications and content and an Accessibility Working Group has taken on the task of representing accessibility issues in the IMS specification development process.  The specifications currently being addressed include the IMS Question and Test Interoperability Specification, a specification that seeks to enable the exchange of assessment and test data.  With respect to this specification the group is considering both what the specification can represent, what it needs to be able to represent and what guidelines are necessary for the construction of applications that support the specification.

This talk looks at the IMS Question and Test Interoperability Specification from an accessibility perspective.  We look at the technicalities of how the current specification measures up to those requirements of the Accessibility Working Group that are so far clear, what is needed of the representation scheme and what mechanisms could be used now and in the future to meet accessibility requirements.  This includes the use of media, the structure of the specification, stylesheets to customize material for accessibility-specific devices and the perspective of applications that support the specification.

Keywords: accessibility, assessment, specification, interoperability},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {34,
	title = {IMS Question and Test: A short overview of current development},
	year = {2001},
	month = {13/07/2001},
	publisher = {IMPS 2001 IMS QTI Seminar and Workshop},
	address = {Shinjuku Washington Hotel, Tokyo, Japan},
	abstract = {Describes QTI from a general and an Accessibility Perspective. Workshop undertaken with Robert J. Mislevy, Eric Shepherd, Colin Smythe and Russel Almond},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {22,
	title = {Learning Content Personalisation for Accessibility : ICALT 08},
	year = {2008},
	month = {05/07/2008},
	abstract = {Keynote at 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, July 1st- July 5th, 2008, Santander, Cantabria, Spain},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {64,
	title = {OER and a taste of the leading edge of Personalisation Supporting Accessibility},
	year = {2013},
	month = {03/2013},
	abstract = {Presentation about leading work on accessibility preferences to an audience involved with teaching at university level and the technology of education},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {42,
	title = {Personalisation for Accessibility},
	year = {2012},
	month = {10/2012},
	abstract = {A personal 10,000 foot strategic  view of where some stuff is at

A presentation of ongoing work on accessibilty standards supporting personalisation to LETSI
},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {67,
	title = {W3C:IndieUI in its context},
	year = {2014},
	month = {03/2014},
	publisher = {Andy Heath},
	address = {Paris, France},
	abstract = {W3C:IndieUI in its context - introductory description of the Events and User Context work ongoing in this developing specification, the reasons why its needed and how it can work with other pieces. Given at Braillnet 8th European e-Accessibility Forum: User-driven e-Accessibility, Paris, France, 31st March 2014},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
@article {25,
	title = {BSI BS8878:2010 Web Accessibility Code of Practice Now Available for Public Comment},
	journal = {blogs.cetis.ac.uk},
	year = {2010},
	month = {18/05/2010},
	abstract = {On 30th April BSI published a Draft for Public Comment for a new standard in development {\textendash} A Code of Practice for Web Accessibility. Why is this draft standard important?

This is an article I was commissioned to write for CETIS about it.},
	url = {http://blogs.cetis.ac.uk/accessibility/2010/05/18/bsi-bs88782010-web-accessibility-code-of-practice-now-available-for-public-comment/},
	author = {Heath,Andy}
}
